Two dads are better than none

Life would always have Its way to prove that two is better than one. And partners would always almost remain partners. A spoon would always come with a fork, as a pencil would always have an eraser. A tooth paste would only be used with a tooth brush and a shoe has to be worn with a sock. Such things are typically seen as one. Though mammals the other would be fine, difficulties would still follow. Complete Is synonymous to perfect. And a complete family consists mainly of a father, a mother and their children.Two dads are better than none – a saying that goes against the natural law of marriage when you read between the lines. What happens when a family lacks a mother, and is rather replaced by two dads with their motherly big heart? It may not look complete. It may even seem peculiar. Or worse, unethical. But nothing would be more immoral than hurting someone physically and emotionally. A lot of children nowadays came from a broken family. As a consequence, they suffer depre ssion and attitude problems towards the people around them. They often feel alone and Incomplete.There are also a number of children left in an orphanage for their parents are not responsible and mature enough to keep them. Indeed It Is difficult to live alone or to live with people one Is not related with. And If two men are willing to live together and create a wholesome and loving family for a deserted child, why would I disagree? I personally believe that love knows no boundaries and that it knows no gender. Though I am a Christian, and the bible is strictly against same sex marriage, I find it acceptable but at the same time regrettable for they would never eve their own child.And thus no family of their own. But as I watch the pride march and heard their voices, I came to an understanding that they are happy with those consequences. Having a family with two dads may not be perfect. But the love that will be built inside a house, more likely a home, is enough to make everything complete. The sacrifices that these two men give the moment they decided to adapt a child and make a family may be equal or even more than the sacrifices a mother and a father can provide. For doing so, they are ready to face all discriminations, allInjustices, and all hardships In order to protect their child. They do not only need to be financially-prepared, but most especially emotionally- and mentally-prepared. People do change together with their perspectives. And everyone has all the rights to change. Being gay is not a negative thing. It comes all with acceptance not just by them but also by us. Moreover, being gay is not a hindrance to dream and pursue a family. Two dads are better than none By syllabicating Life would always have its way to prove that two is better than one.And partners Though missing the other would be fine, difficulties would still follow. Complete is alone and incomplete. There are also a number of children left in an orphanage for their parents are not responsible and mature enough to keep them. Indeed it is difficult to live alone or to live with people one is not related with. And if two men are injustices, and all hardships in order to protect their child. They do not only need to change. Being gay is not a negative thing.

The Importance of Protected Sex

Can you imagine having to urge to go pee 24 7, or what about gaining anywhere from 30 to 60 pounds, or even worse, contracting one of those nasty STD's we've all heard about? Well neither can I. Therefore, when abstinence is not an option, protected sex is a must. In todays world, the image of sex is portrayed everywhere. On TV, the radio, social networking sites, even school and public settings. Teenagers are constantly surrounded by sexual intensions, it’s a part of culture that is truly unavoidable. The media, portrays sex as fun and glamorous in plenty of ways, whether its movies, reality shows, or magazine ads, they never portray sex as something awful that can completely ruin your life, and give you no option but to take a turn for the worst. Teen sex in todays world, is nothing but false advertising. Most teens are not informed and educated on the risks of sex, and that is not entirely their fault. Parents tend to assume that children learn everything they need to know in school, and if they're not asking questions, that they're not even thinking about. That’s where their wrong. Most teens are timid about discussing this subject with their parents and are embarrassed to even bring it up. Studies show that teenager who can talk to their parents about uncomfortable subjects, including sex, are less likely to become sexually active at an early age. When teens turn to their peers about sex, they get sugar coated information that they have developed from the media, which leads them into thinking incredibly false things. Simply talking to your parents, discussing methods of protection, and how to obtain them could save teens lives, not to mention their reputations. Although teen pregnancy rates in Canada have declined greatly, the problem is far from solved. Pregnancy and being a mother is something much too large for any teenager to even grasp. The stress, anxiety, and toll it takes on your mind and body, is something no teen is ready for in high school. Pregnancy is an overall uncomfortable situation, consisting of sickness, weight gain, mood swings, swollen feet, constant urination, increased appetite, and much more. Not to mention, pregnant teens will most likely not want to attend school, with all the stress and sickness, school is just not where they want to be, which will eventually result in poor grades and likely failure. Raising a child, requires money, money requires a job, which most always will require education. Acquiring an education can be near impossible when you have a baby at home, your focus would be all over the place and if you didn't have a good family support system, it would be difficult to complete homework and assignments. Okay, so we have all sat through those nasty sex ed presentations, disgusted at the images of unheard of STD's. Passing up the knowledge from those presentations as something gross that would never happen to you, could be the worst mistake of your life. Teens contract STD's daily, never expecting it.. With Chlamydia becoming a pandemic in our province, it is very important to trust nobody, and use protection every single time you partake in sexual activities. Believe it or not, you can contract an STD from something so simple as kissing, gross right? Before you trust your partner, make sure you are well aware of their sexual history, and make them aware you are not willing to do anything without protection. The price teens could pay for begin sexually active far outweigh and advantages. Contracting an STD, becoming pregnant, and jeopardizing the rest of your life are only a few of the horrifying results of unprotected teen sex. Teens need to become educated and aware of all the risks, from parents or health professionals. Although the media might portray sex as something as simple and brushing your teeth, it’s a terrible trail to take. | ?

Psychosocial Paper

â€Å"Erikson whole heartedly held to the idea that development was not simply psychosexual but also psychosocial. The idea of this paper is to recognize my personal and present psychosocial stage of development. I will attempt to review the behaviors and influences on my relationships along with the negative and positive outcomes of my stage of psychosocial development. I will also discuss other developmental influences that have shaped my personality. Erikson had developed a chart of eight stages of psychosocial development. Each of these stages shows positive and negative outcomes for personality development.These eight stages are the following: Trust vs. Mistrust at 1 year old, autonomy vs. doubt/shame at 2-3 years old, Initiative vs. guilt at 4-5 years old, industry vs. inferiority at latency, identity vs. diffusion at adolescence, intimacy vs. isolation early- adulthood, and lastly, integrity vs. despair at later years. Current Psychosocial Stage of Development: In looking ove r Erikson’s psychosocial stage chart I have come to the conclusion that my current stage of development is Intimacy versus Isolation. Erikson states that this stage of development usually occurs in early adulthood.According to Erikson the positives of this stage of development are sharing with family, friends, coworkers and partners about all work, thoughts and feelings. The negatives include avoidance of intimacy and superficial relationships. (Cervone & Pervin, p 102 ) Influences on Behaviors: The influences on my behavior of this developmental stage are mixed at best. I am capable of sharing my thoughts, feelings and work with others, but I often choose to keep to myself. Often I am anti-social. I am a mixture of overly cautious and overly empathetic. I choose, at times, to share all or nothing of myself with others.I am careful with who I confide in but at the same time who I do confide in I share too much of myself. I am very controlling and don’t like to share my true feelings and emotions most of the time. I often feel fear that people will not understand or like me if they knew how I really felt and thought. Influences on Relationships: The fear of not being understood and feeling anti-social for the most part has kept me from having many friends. When I was younger I did not date a lot maybe because of this same thing. I don’t feel comfortable with expressing my most personal self with people in general.This relates to my childhood and the abuse I suffered through at the hands of my step brother. Also because of the sexual abuse that I was put through by my babysitter’s daughter caused a general mistrust of people. I often feel violated and threatened around men and women if I am not in total control and on my guard at all times. Negative and Positive Outcomes: A positive outcome of this stage is how it has given me much empathy; and that I am able to have intimate relationships with women, though not sexual in nature, I am more comfortable around them.I am able to share my thoughts and feelings with women and children, I am able to connect with them and listen to them. Negative outcomes are in that I am not able to maintain close relationship with other guys. I have isolated myself from all people except family and a few select friends that I have known for years. Erikson, in the case of Isolation versus Intimacy, should negative outcomes persist, states, â€Å"If these issues are not resolved during this time, the individual is, in later life, filled with a sense of despair: Life is too short, and it is too late to start all over again† (Cervone & Pervin, p 103).I disagree with this assumption. I believe that these issues can be resolved and addressed later in life. It truly depends on the individual. I am 30 years of age and have been dealing with these issues for most of my life, and will most likely continue to work on them. Other Developmental Influences: The most consistent and prevailin g influences on my personality development is the abuse I suffered as a child. Though the sixth stage is the most prevalent stage of my current development, I also fall into the second stage of Erikson’s theory which is the Autonomy versus shame and doubt stages.This brings about mostly negative outcomes such as shame and self-doubt. I also feel guilt over what I experienced as a child and guilt in not being able to protect my sister and brother. Though logically I know that there was nothing I could do to protect them as I was a child too, it does not negate the fact that my behaviors, relationships with my brother and sister and feelings are influenced by the guilt and shame. In conclusion just because we are of certain age it does not mean that we are in the Erkisonians stage of development. Mentally we might be behind and in some instances we might be ahead due to life experiences.Due to many past experiences the stages of my development have been altered and are not wher e I should be. Can we ever catch up to our appropriate stage of development? Maybe we can with the help of professionals and a lot of dedication. I have learned how to cope with everything and little by little I am where I want to be. My life is happy as of now, even though I carry all of these past experiences with me I only allow for these to only make me a stronger person and refuse to ever put anybody or allow for anybody to experience what I did.Lastly the intent of this paper was to show how Erikson’s stages of psychosocial personality development applied to me. A description of my current personal psychosocial stage of development was discussed. I also discussed the influences on behaviors, relationships as well as negative and positive outcomes of my stage of psychosocial development. Finally I discussed how Erikson’s second stage of psychosocial development influenced my personality.

Corporate Social Responsibility of China Telecom Dissertation

Corporate Social Responsibility of China Telecom - Dissertation Example Center of discussion in this paper is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that has become a corporate custom. The CSR has been defined as the inclusion of social and environmental concerns into business actions on a voluntary basis. The main purpose of CSR practices is to mitigate the concerns of various internal and external stakeholders and shareholders. The stakeholders have been defined as those who have stakes or interests in companies’ actions and processes. The internal stakeholders include employees. Normally, employees always prefer that their stakes such as rise in salaries, bonuses and fringe benefits must not be violated and they should be appropriately satisfied. The external stakeholders include regulatory authorities, suppliers, financial institutions, local communities, customers, competitors and physical and geographical environment. The regulatory authorities want that the companies must always be transparent and they should comply with the relevant regulat ory requirements. In addition to that, the regulatory authorities expect that the companies should remain responsible corporate citizens. The suppliers expect that the companies must not delay or violate contract terms and they should always process timely payments so that they also become in a position to sustain business relationship with them. The financial institutions want that the companies to pay their outstanding debt and interest payments; the financial institutions always extend credit facility after financial evaluation of the financial statements of the companies.... plifment 50 Supporting Public Events 52 Spreading Healthy Information 52 Guaranteeing Emergency Communications 53 Caring for employees 55 Environment Protection Practices 58 Summary 64 Conclusion and Recommendations 66 References 70 Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a corporate custom. The CSR has been defined as the inclusion of social and environmental concerns into business actions on a voluntary basis. The main purpose of CSR practices is to mitigate the concerns of various internal and external stakeholders and shareholders. The stakeholders have been defined as those who have stakes or interests in companies’ actions and processes. The internal stakeholders include employees. Normally, employees always prefer that their stakes such as rise in salaries, bonuses and fringe benefits must not be violated and they should be appropriately satisfied. The external stakeholders include regulatory authorities, suppliers, financial institutions, local co mmunities, customers, competitors and physical and geographical environment. The regulatory authorities want that the companies must always be transparent and they should comply with the relevant regulatory requirements. In addition to that, the regulatory authorities expect that the companies should remain responsible corporate citizens. The suppliers expect that the companies must not delay or violate contract terms and they should always process timely payments so that they also become in a position to sustain business relationship with them. The financial institutions want that the companies to pay their outstanding debt and interest payments; the financial institutions always extend credit facility after financial evaluation of the financial statements of the companies. The local

Answer some questions to some short stories Essay

Answer some questions to some short stories - Essay Example 3. Yes, John is the villain in the story. She is against the empowerment and wellbeing of his wife. There other people falling in this category, but he emerges the epitome and fits the description of villain in the story. This is because, the narrator is his own wife and any reader would expect him to treat her in the right and humane manner contrary to what he does. 4. The color of the wallpaper is yellow. Yellow is next brightest and most visible color after white. On the paper are sub-patterns of desperate women. The patterns are clear to the narrator. The paper is a representation of medicine, family, as well as tradition which the narrator has found herself entangled in. The color shows that the oppressive practices of men are clear to the eyes of the victims, women. 5. (Q9). The roles of women in the story are facilitation and enhancement of themes such as love, death, and enabler. The author, O’Brien, uses the existing love between Lt. Jimmy Cross and Martha to show the trend between the separation created during the war and the soldiers. The relationship between the two was not that hopped for in the first place. Cross is obsessed with Martha and this leads to the death of Ted Lavender. Similarly soldier’s love and patriotism for their country makes them kill opponents. Kathleen, O’ Brien’s daughter acts as the enabler for untrue stories he writes. Linda acts as a symbol that the dead can be immortalized (O’Brien 18). 6. (Q11) War is a representation or metaphor of human life. People like Perish because of love. The soldiers fight and some of them die because of their love for their people. There are also loneliness and isolation in the story. O’Brien affirms that loneliness in Vietnam is destructive forces like any other type of ammunition. 7. (Q12) If the US instituted the law today, I will definitely go and serve my country in Vietnam. There are challenges as revealed in the book by Tim challenges

English Composition 1 essayThis paper is to be an argument; it must Essay

English Composition 1 essayThis paper is to be an argument; it must put forth a position about which reasonable, educated people can be expected to disagree. It must not present both sides of the story - Essay Example The use of tobacco casts deep effects on the health of a regular user. There are many diseases associated with the use of tobacco products. The use of tobacco products can cause cancer in many parts of the body. Children and women are more vulnerable to the negative effects of tobacco. This essay aims at identifying the drawbacks of smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products. This essay tries to make all aware of the reasons why all tobacco products should be banned. Smoking tobacco harms our health in many ways. In fact, the use of tobacco is akin to slow poisoning. The most famous and favorite form of tobacco products is ‘Cigarette’. Cigars and chewing tobacco are some important forms of the consumable tobacco products. Federal Drug Agency noted that use of tobacco is injurious to health (Federal Drug Agency). There are many diseases associated with tobacco usage. As per estimates by independent non-governmental organizations, more than 20 million people have been died due to use of cigarettes. There are many diseases associated with the usage of tobacco. In the US alone, smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths per year. The most dangerous diseases associated with the use of tobacco products are Lung Cancer, Oral Cancer, and other Cardiovascular and Respiratory diseases (National Cancer Institute).There are numerous harms of tobacco products. Cigarette, the famous tobacco product is also injurious to health. Smocking can cause cancer in many part of the body including Bladder, Blood (acute myeloid leukemia), Cervix, Colon, Esophagus, Kidney, Larynx, Liver, Oropharynx, Pancreas, Stomach, and Trachea (National Cancer Institute). Tobacco products also badly affect our brain and activities of brain. The effect of a commonly used tobacco product cigarette, as an example would further reflect on the related risks and harms. Generally, a smoker inhales 10 puffs on a cigarette in a 5 minutes time.

Why was American management criticised so much in the 1980s, so widely Essay - 1

Why was American management criticised so much in the 1980s, so widely admired in the 1990s, and now so despised again - Essay Example This made the practices of the world war come into place, which was further influenced by the presence of the cold war during this time. This only worked to facilitate further bureaucracy as then times was found to be trying (Hood 1990, p.3). This pushed bureaucracy to a new level in that there was a hierarchy of order in relation to the order of business and conducting of transactions. Therefore, management revolved around the authority figures in the business whose decisions were arbitral and impulsive creating further unfavourable decisions for business as the country itself was in a state of panic based on the cold war (Smith 190, p.8). As such, there was little stability in management as many things were uncertain creating further room for abuse of office in relation to decision making for an organization. As a result, most of the administrative issues in businesses found in America came form decision making forms that were mainly centred on the manager. The manager in the insti tutions was the final authority in making decisions, where everything had to go through him or her. This explains the essence of bureaucracy in an organization, which led to the criticism of the management structures and their efficiency. In addition, American management was criticized much due to the antics employed by managers in running the business, where there was more talk than action to back the words in the business. Tis raised questions over the ability of the management to meet the needs of an organization, as the hype that came with the turf of managerial positions did not produce any substance to show that the leader had any expertise to look after the company and drive it profitability. In this, there were only more attempts to make businesses look more profitable than they actually were, which translates to the emphasis on public relations than production of substance to speak for the business. The despicable conduct of management in this case was the use of unconventi onal means or military means such as propaganda to drive businesses and see that they were in a position to make profit or at least engage investors. American management in the 1980s also faced criticism based on the failure of management to deliver on the promises it made on their products and services as is seen through the application of hyped products that were out of reach, showing how little management was doing to meet the needs of their consumers. This way, the competence of American management was in question as there were discrepancies that showed American management to be a fraud thriving on propaganda to drive its popularity through pricy products whose promises were not up to standard, in terms of price. Technology in management also saw American management criticized in the 1980s as it provided businesses with opportunities to develop further, however, American management cut back on the application of technology in business to maximize the productivity of businesses, which saw significant criticism. In relation to this, American management was more intent on mass production methods and not on the desired quality of products. This proved to be poor management s there was mass failure in productivity and decision-making due to bureaucracy and integration of management with other professionals that did not have any expertise in the businesses they were managing. This is generally a failure in the American management system of the 1980s as they were unable to handle business based on expertise, but based on status, which did not look at critical aspects of running a business. In the 1990s, things changed for the better for American manageme

Goldman Sachs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Goldman Sachs - Essay Example Goldman Sachs is a global investment banking and securities firm which engage in financial services like investment banking, securities, investment management etc. Founded in 1869 and headquartered in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City, Goldman Sachs has a lot of international offices across the world. Apart from financial services, it provides mergers and acquisitions advice, asset management and prime brokerage to its clients. Its clients include corporations, governments, and individuals. Goldman Sachs has recently caught the attention of the investment world because of the innovative risk management strategies implemented by them. According to J.P. Morgan analysts Kian Abouhossein and Delphine Lee, â€Å"Goldman Sachs' risk management was "best in class" and could act "as a benchmark for investment banking peers† (Kennedy). This paper briefly analyses Goldman Sachs' risk management strategy, its advantages and the risks faced by Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs' have used different measures of risk for a long period and the competitors were able to adopt such techniques only recently. In conclusion, Goldman Sachs was able to escape from the recent financial crisis because of their highly innovative risk management strategies. They were able to implement risk management strategies which other may not even think of. When most of the financial institutions struggled to survive because of the recent financial crisis, Goldman Sachs was able to improve its market position because of their well-defined risk management strategies.

Reflective Journal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflective Journal - Research Paper Example Below are different leadership theories that I thought are most important for the understanding ofthis subject (Bolden et. al, 2003): 1. The Trait Approach to Leadership: This theory is adopted from the Great Man theory which suggests that leaders are exceptional people having innate attributes which ultimately make them a leader. According to this theory some of the traits most common in leaders are: friendliness, motivation, doing group tasks, emotional control and many others (Ricketts, 2009). 2. McGregor’s Theory X & Theory Y Manager: According to him, Theory X managers dislike work and would try to avoid it and that they will have to be forced to work. Whereas Theory Y managers exhibit passion for work, self-direction and self-control to achieve goals. 3. The Hersey-Blanchard Model of Leadership: This model is based on situational perception of leadership. In my opinion a true leader can be identified when he or she is in a difficult situation. The theory states that there are two styles of leadership-Directive (one-way communication) and Supportive (interactive and mutual decision-making). The normative decision model was put forward by Victor Vroom and Phillip Yetton in 1973 and in the later years it was being modified by Victor with the collaboration of Arthur Jago. The theory states that the situational factors play a more important role in the decisions that are being taken by a leader than the leadership behavior he / she has adopted. The theory talks about five different sets of strategies. Two of the strategies are of autocratic styles, two from the consultative styles and one from the group decision makings. The personality of the leader plays an important role in achieving excellent leadership and perfect decision-making in the job market. Some of the traits that are important for good leadership at work are: Vision: One role of the leader is to communicate the vision and

Enusring Coherence in Curriculum Research Paper

Enusring Coherence in Curriculum - Research Paper Example The design should also offer room for advancement both of the curriculum structure as well as the curriculum content. Its application should also be practical in terms of implementation and should not contain any contradictory statements and strategies. These components relate directly to a coherent curriculum in my learning environment. The systematicness component ensures that all the activities in a curriculum are well connected to each other. This kind of connectivity assists in making the curriculum to be more coherent and, thus, promoting its ability to achieve its objectives. The completeness component ensures that all the parts of the curriculum are complete and that they have adequate contents. This promotes the connectivity of one part of the curriculum to the other, and, thus, making the curriculum to be coherent. The advancement component of the system design for curriculum provides room for advancement of the curriculum content. Through the advancement of the content, th eir connectivity and relationships can be enhanced, thus making the curriculum to be coherent. Practicability component makes all the parts of the curriculum to be easy to administer. ... Another best quality is that both of them assist in the selection and organization of learning experiences for effective instruction and achievement of learning objectives. Another very important quality of these two models is that they both provide a way of designing a mean of evaluation of the curriculum and its content. According to Erickson (2002, p. 44), â€Å"a coherent curriculum is one that holds that makes sense as a whole and one that has parts which are unified and interconnected†. The three best qualities of these two curriculum models I researched about promotion of unification of the different parts of the curriculum. They also promote the interconnection of various parts of a curriculum and they help the curriculum to make sense as a whole. They also enable the various parts of the curriculum to make sense and, hence, they are very fundamental in the promotion of coherence of the curriculum. Among the two models that I researched, the one which could be most eff ective in my current educational environment is the Tyler’s Model. This is because this model being among the modernism model is clearer, more simplified, more useful, and more comprehensive compared to the Gerlach and Ely Model. According to Dennis (2002), this model is appropriate for large scale mass education and it is also good for basics. Since my current educational environment involves teaching basics to a large group of students, this model will be the most appropriate for such an environment. Curriculum design There are various â€Å"Knows† in a curriculum design. One of them is what the students should know by the end of the curriculum. The other one is what the student

Liability of Employers and Occupiers Case Study

Liability of Employers and Occupiers - Case Study Example To see how the law of tort applies and operates, this essay takes up three test cases brought against Sports Ltd., which owns and operates a sports and physical fitness complex. All three cases suggest that Sports Ltd. caused them harm by violating the tort of negligence, the biggest category of tort because it endangers many besides the chance victim and is considered both a public and private wrong. At first glance, Sports Ltd. may be guilty of negligence because management knew that its central heating system in the boiler room that scalded Sally in a bad way was defective and potentially dangerous but the establishment did nothing about it except warn its employees about the risk. This is the essence of the Occupier's Liability Act (OLA) in UK, a statutory tort that applies to health and safety regulations across the workplace (Honore, 1995). OLA provides that "any person such as a shop owner who admits people into his premises owes a minimum duty of care to protect these people's safety (Metaphysics Research Lab, 2003)." A closer look at this particular case, however, will show that Sally shares the blame for the accident that happened to her. The college girl gained entry to the sports complex through the backdoor, which leads into the boiler room, to avoid paying for a ticket at the regular entrance. In Yuen Kun Yeu v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1988), Rowling v Takaro Properties Ltd. (1985), and Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire (1989), liability for the tort of negligence can only occur when the supposed damage can be reasonably foreseen. In other words, the defendant failed to do what a reasonable person would do in the situation presented (Green, 1960). On the scalding sustained by Sally, Sports Ltd. can defend itself against a tort claim by pointing out that its management could not have foreseen such an accident to happen to any guest. The establishment can invoke the principles of volenti non fit injuria (a willing victim cannot claim for damage), contributory negligence, and ex turpi cause non oritur (no right of action arises from a despicable cause), the three standard defenses against a tort claim (Fletcher, 1972). From the evidence, Sally is culpable on all three counts because she consented to the risk of damage by using an entrance that is off-limits to th e public, which action amounts to contributory negligence and "despicable" cause. The action is despicable in the sense that it is wrong and deprives Sports Ltd. of revenue generated from ticket sales. Case 2 - Ashraf In the case of Ashraf, Sports Ltd. can use the same line of defense. Like Sally, Ashraf virtually consented to the risk of damage to his person by insisting on using the corridor on his way to the gym notwithstanding a sign put up by the cleaning woman Maria that says: "Cleaning in Progress: Use Alternative Route." Ashraf as an exclusive member of the exercise club knew a side entrance that could be used as alternative route but he was in a hurry so he risked the corridor and was thus culpable of contributory negligence. The tort law, according to Hocking & Smith (1996), is all about dissecting all possibilities in a case to

Methods of Ordering Essay Example for Free

Methods of Ordering Essay When using the fryer you must be careful because the oil is hot and it may spit. There must always be a sticker above the fryer at average height for a human that reads Warning, danger Hot this sticker is replaced every 6-7 months depending on how clean and clear the writing is. What is it? This is called a flat top grill. Its like a large version of a grill. It has heaters underneath the silver plate which heat up the plate, so that bacon and eggs can be cooked on it, the spatula in the bottom left hand corner of the picture helps the chef to get the food of the plate. How do you clean it? When cleaning it you have to use a special cleaning product called D12, this is special because it helps to get the fat and grease of the plate and also if some of the chemicals get underneath the plate it wont ruin the heater. You must wait at least 12 hours until you can use the grill again, this is just in case there is still cleaning fluid on the plate which could be transferred on the food. Is it serviced? Again its the same as the pot wash and the fryer. Its checked every 6-12 months, however if this brakes down then its not as critical as the others the chefs can cook it in a frying pan. It may be less healthy than using the silver plate, but this is simplest way if its broke. Health and Safety? If you are using this then you must beware the silver plate gets hot. Its the same as fryer there is a warning sticker which says Hot Beware. You must remember when putting food on to the plate that you dont over stack it otherwise the it smokes a lot and the plate automatically turns the heat up which mean it can overload the plate with too much food. What is it? This piece of equipment is called a pot wash. All your have to do it rinse the dirty dished and plates stack them in a blue create, then lift up the sliver handle and slide in the crate once this is done pull the handle back down and the pot wash will wash it depending on the setting that you set it on. How do you clean it? Cleaning this piece of equipment can take up to 48 hours depending on how many times you use it a week. Firstly you have to take out the wash blade and take them apart, by unscrewing the screw in the middle, and place them in a bowl of hot soapy water for 12-24 hours. The valves and drain link need to be unattached and socked in anti bacterial liquid for 24 hours. Finally there are blue crates which are mainly self cleaned my water and liquid soap. Is it serviced? The pot wash needs to be serviced every 6 12 months if there is anything wrong with the pot wash it need to be repaired quickly as if its broke it can not be used until fixed meaning that service of the food may slow down as all dishes have to be hand cleaned. Health and Safety? If you are using a pot wash you must remember to stack all cutlery and dishes upside down and in a neat way. Dishes cant be stacked on top of each other as the blades may get jammed. If you are cleaning the cutlery then you need to do it all at once with no other dishes or bowls. The childrens menu is colourful and bright to interest the young children. The layout of the menu is appealing to the correct age range. The food is well priced on the childrens menu. The puddings on the childrens menu are well sized, also their choose is very child friendly. The inside of the childrens menu is coulorful and has pictures of some of the food. The vegtable chance is very useful to the children as it has picture of the vegatables in the right hand cornor. However some of the portion sizes are quite big for a child, I also noticed that there was mainly chips with every meal and not just in the childrens menu. As well on the childrens menu there is starters and I think that children under the age of 12 dont need starters, because the starters size would fill them up. Finally, as an overall view of the childrens menu I think that the food has a good balance of healthy foods, It has a colourful and funky look as an overall menu. The main menu is more sacfistercated for the older customers such as teenagers, adults and OAPs. The front of the menu has a picture of an appetizing picture of a plate of steak and chips. Below this there are 4 smaller boxes which have different offers such as: Golden Greats, Curry club, Sunday roast and homemade specials. On the back of the menu there is puddings menu and this consists of individual puddings, hot and cold, also there are sweet sharers which are large puddings which you can share they also do a selection of hot drinks. Finally on the back they have bigger boxes explaining the offers in more detail. The inside of the menu is set up well because each section has its own box. They have mega meals which are extra large meals which just have more on than your average meal. They have salads and sides which your can be ordered as an extra. Storage space: At the three crowns and sugar loaf they have two different sections for storing food a wet cupboard and a dry cupboard. The dry area is for crisps, nuts, food in packets that you find on a bar and they do keep some for the dry kitchen food. The wet area is for the drinks, such as fruit shots, alcohol, cans of pop, J20s and water. They have got other storage places they have two fridges and a freezer, one fridge is a walk in fridge where you can get your food, and the other fridge is a normal fridge which only holds cooked or uncooked meat there are two separate compartments for the meats that are cooked and uncooked. The freezer is outside and is for frozen meat and other frozen goods. Methods of Ordering: The manager will order all the stock they need on the Tuesday online and it will be delivered on the Thursday, Its all done on the internet to make it easier and less paper work, also it is quicker. Ordering on the internet is a bit like online shopping you login with the certain user name and password, then you get to pick what foods you need and how much off it. The company that the pub uses are Churchill china, Marstons, Blakemore and PH Snacks direct. At the 3 crown and sugar loaf they have to follow certain safety procedures and regulations. They have to have clear posters of accident and emergency procedures; they have to have fire drills and large posters telling people where the fire exits are. Also above the fire exits they have to have a green light in case the electric goes out and the customers can still find the exits. In the kitchen they have to have fire extinguishers and fire blankets these have to been placed in an easy to access place. The pot wash has a area which is for dirty dishes and place, no one is allowed to bring glasses in to the kitchen they have to be taken to the bar and they are put in a separate dishwasher, this is to insure that people dont cut themselves and also glass has to be put on to a different wash because otherwise it will crack the glass. The posters have to be clean and be read able, the warning signs need to be replaced every six months to insure that they dont fall off the wall or they dont get dirty. All the knifes are covered in a well fitting plastic cover and placed in a container. Knifes have a separate wash because they could get jammed in the machinery, also no one is allowed to hand wash them because you may cut your self, and if the knifes were hand washed they would have to be done in D12 formula which could mean painful if you cut yourself and hand your hand in D12 solution. The chopping boards are in 3 different cupboards red, white, green. They are in different cupboards to stop cross contamination, from the meat and the vegetables. The pub have special cleaning products which are stronger than household cleaner, They will clean the surface and get rid of nay bacteria or bugs. The cleaning products are stored by the door in the kitchen, They have signs that warn people that they are toxin and dangerous. First aid is a high priority in a kitchen because if someone is cooking then there is a high risk off being injuries mostly minor injuries, however there has been some cases where people have seriously burnt there arm therefore everyone in the kitchen should know at least basic first aid. Monday 8th June 2009 Today, I used the pot washer, which was a hose which was over a large sink. Then you have to stack the plates and dishes in a crate, and push it into a large grey box, and push the lid down and press the go button and it cleans the dishes on a certain setting. I also learnt how to lay the tables, and that each customer must have a napkin, knife and folk and that each table must have a bottle of salt, pepper and vinegar. If the customer has ordered a steak then they have a steak knife. In the kitchen there were several metal rail which were next to a machine which transferred the orders from the bar to the kitchen. I had to take the ticket from the machine and slot it in to the metal rail. Tuesday 9th June 2009 Today the head chef, Helen let me chop the tomatoes and lemons in to sixes. Then Scott showed me how to cut the lettuces. Then I helped to waitress for a while and then Denise asked me to start on the puddings, There are several different puddings and each one has custard or ice cream, each pudding has its individual time in the microwave. Finally the stock was meant to have arrived to day however it failed to turned up because of the internet connection failure. Wednesday 10th June 2009 Today I laid the tables with the menus and cleaned down the tables. Later on I had to chop two crates of tomatoes in to slices, wedges and halves. I then chopped pepper, lemons, cucumber and a bucket full of lettuce. For the rest of the day I was on the mains station which is where they prepare all the mains and starters. I also helped waitress with Scott. Thursday 11th June 2009 Today I was on mains again and starters, I was allowed to help make the sandwiches but only for a while because the sandwich station is in the middle of the kitchen and I wasnt quicker enough for the orders coming in. Later on I went into the main seating area and collected the empty glasses and wiped down the table, I also laid the tables in the morning. Friday 12th June 2009 Today I went on to the Puddings station, I had to work quickly because the orders fro pudding were quick and a lot of people were sat outside in the sun and wanted ice cream. I put the menus out again in the morning and was on the pot was for half of hour because today was very busy and the dirty plates and dishes were getting stacked up. Name: Helen Green Do you enjoy working her? Why? Yes, I do enjoy working her it is fun and the other members of the team are all very friendly. I enjoy working here because the hours are good and I enjoy the adrenaline cooking give me. Is it safe? Yes, as you know all the staff are first aid trained in case of an emergency and we check that the first aid case if full with the correct equipment every week. Is the food that you cook healthy? We try and make it as healthy as we can, however if we are busy then cooking it the healthier way does take longer and means that the customers have to wait, however we would always try and keep to the healthiest possible way of cooking our food. Is the food safe to eat? Yes, all are products that we cook with are very safe and all the chefs are trained to cook the food correctly. The meat is also safe to eat as we check the temperate of food before we give to the customers Do you have any dislikes about the pub? Yes , Only one thought I would like the kitchen to be bigger because as you know we have a lot of members of staff due to the high amount of customers, and it can get very hot in the kitchen and also can get a bit over crowned. Why are the childrens meals such big portions? Well we are looking I to the childrens menu portion sizes, due to complaints from the customers. We have written to Marstons HQ about changing the menu. Although if it was my decision I would defiantly have smaller portion sizes. Do all the plates of food, stay within the movement guidelines? All the menus are created by Marstons HQ, and I believe that they keep to the RDA for the customers.

Study Of Organizations Behavior

Study Of Organizations Behavior Formal and informal framework of policies and rules , within which an organization arranges its lines of authority and communications , and allocates rights and duties. Organizational structure determines the manner and extent to which roles , power , and responsibilities are delegated, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between levels of management . This structure depends entirely on the organizations objectives and the strategy chosen to achieve them. In a centralized structure, the decision making power is concentrated in the top layer of the management. Structure is the pattern of relationships among positions in the organisation and among members of the organisation. Structure makes possible the application of the process of management and creates a framework of order and command through which the activities of the organisation can be planned, organised directed and controlled. .Culture in Organizations These are the informal values, norms and beliefs which control how individuals and groups in an organization interact internally and externally. This in turn shapes attitude and behavior and the quality of inter group relationships again to achieve organizational goals. Lateral Horizontal Top Vertical Bottom Values and Norms Culture in organization has two founding values: Terminal Value; is linked to desire goals e.g. excellence, quality, morality, stability, profitability. Instrumental Value; is linked to desire modes of behavior for the organization e.g. hard work, tradition, respect for authority, risk taking, honesty, standards of service, dress code. Norms; specific norms emerge as a result of shared experiences over time which became expectations for behavior. These result in rules for conduct e.g. courtesy, cleanliness, grooming, teamwork, information sharing, and cooperation. The Source of Values Norms Edward Scheins approach to culture claims that it can be understood at 3 levels. Basic Assumptions: unconsciously learned responses based upon perception. Values and Beliefs: consciously help concepts as a result of experiences. Visible Artifacts: physical evidence e.g. office design, layout and dress code. Cultural Dynamics A set of beliefs and assumptions held commonly throughout the organization, taken for granted in that organization, but discernible to the outside observer in the stories of organization history and explanation of events. Company Information The Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) group is one of the worlds leading financial organizations. It was founded in 1865 in china. Since then the bank expanded rapidly with an emphasis up representation in China and also other parts of Asia, Europe and America. In the mid 1950s HSBC embarked on a strategy of pursuing profitable growth through acquisitions as well as organic development. After conducting my research into global business of HSBC bank, we have identified that London offers tremendous opportunities for HSBC which make businesses want to operate in those markets. HSBC Culture Operational Strategy: The Worlds Local bank HSBC differentiates itself from its competitors by its branding. The strong tag line the worlds local bank reflects the HSBC approach towards powerful branding. This brand image has been the result of many years of investment in the companys corporate image and culture that attracts and maintains satisfied customers and employees. HSBCs understanding and experience of multiple markets and local knowledge have contributed towards its brand success. HSBC has branches in 76 countries and the strategy used is Think Global, Act Local. Corporate Social Responsibility: HSBC like many other major companies from different industries believes in sharing its success by giving it back to the community. The application of corporate social responsibility is mandatory for all companies doing business. This being thought as a liability could also provide a company with the tools to promote its brand image with in communities. They are aware of the social responsibilities of economy management, community and environment. HSBC has undertaken activities such as environmental protection projects, successful and honest business practices, educational programs, undergraduate scholarships and funding local community projects. They also undertake volunteer charity and community work. Human Resource Management: HSBC employs over 284,000 people worldwide. They understand the benefits and competitive advantage of having a smart, loyal and well educated workforce. HSBC encourages workforce diversity in order to create the finest employee network and a corporate culture that celebrates differences, empathy and integrity. They employ the best qualified individuals, regardless of their nationality to manage top-level operations. However they employ local country staff to manage day to day and branch operations because they know they local business environment and this strategy also helps the foreign company be accepted by the local society. HSBC Principles Values The HSBC Group is committed to five Core Business Principles: Outstanding customer service Effective and efficient operations Strong capital and liquidity Conservative lending policy Strict expense discipline Employee Benefits Rewards In return for employees dedication and hard work, HSBC offer a very attractive and competitive benefits package with rapid rewards for the right people. While different roles come with different rewards, the following is a guide to the kind of package they offer: Performance-related bonus scheme Pension 25 days holiday Private medical insurance Life insurance Preferential rates on a range of HSBC products Season ticket loan Sports and social scheme Employee assistance programs Corporate discounts HSBC Structure Corporate Governance: HSBC is committed to high standards of corporate governance. HSBC Holdings has complied throughout with the applicable codes provided by the Combined Code on Corporate Governance issued by the Financial Reporting Council and the Code on Corporate Governance Practices in Appendix 14 to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. The Board of HSBC Holdings has adopted a code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities by Directors that complies with The Model Code in the Listing Rules of the Financial Services Authority and with The Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers (Hong Kong Model Code) set out in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, save that The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong has granted certain waivers from strict compliance with the Hong Kong Model Code, primarily to take into account accepted practices in the UK, particularly in respect of employee share plans. Following a specific enquiry, each Director has confirmed he or she has complied with the code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities throughout the period. Board Committees: The Board has appointed a number of committees. The following are the principal committees: Group Management Board Group Audit Committee Remuneration Committee Nomination Committee Corporate  Sustainability Committee HSBC structure is matrix structure, because they have teams of people from various sections of the business, these teams will be created for the purpose of a specific purpose of a specific project and will be led by a project manager, often the team is only exists for the duration of the project and matrix structure are usually deployed to develop new products and services. Relationship between Culture and Structure Organizational Culture : a group of mutually interacting people with negotiated , shared values , understandings ,norms , ideals , way of life and the way of looking at the world and their place in it .The way a structure or culture is designed or evolves over time affects the way people and groups behave within the organization. Structure and culture affect: Behaviour Motivation Performance Teamwork and cooperation Intergroup and Interdepartmental relationships Organizational culture is more of a larger picture, a more general term that refers to a large umbrella of smaller topics and issues within an organization. The structure refers to the infrastructure, and the various methods and practices within that infrastructure, that helps an organizational culture run with the efficiency and consistency that should be the hallmark of any healthy organizational structure, whether it is in a corporation, sports team, or any other set up that is large enough to create its own organizational culture. This makes the structure an integral part of any organizational culture, but also narrows out a very specific segment of the culture as its own responsibility. Organizational structure will deal primarily with the set up of the culture. How management works, which specific responsibilities supervisors have, how a complaint is passed through the ranks-these are all issues within the organizational culture that are directly tied to how an organizational structure works. The structure is not limited to those three examples, but it would certainly include all of them. TASK 2 Styles of Management Management is tasks, Management is a discipline. But management also people. Every achievement of management is the achievement of a manager. Every failure is a failure of a manager. People manage rather than forces or facts .The vision, dedication and integrity of managers determine whether there is a management or mismanagement Stewart, R, Management and organizational behaviour, Sixth Edition, Laurie J Mullins. Prentice Hall (2002) Management takes place within a structured organizational setting with prescribed roles. It is directed towards the achievement of aims and objectives through influencing the efforts of others. This role encouraged a lot of writers to study management aspects, where they came out with theories thats become the sprit of management thinking. Scientific Management: F. W. Taylor. Taylor formalized the principles of scientific management, 1909, he published the book for which he is best known, Principles of Scientific Management. In his own words he explained: The old fashioned dictator does not exist under Scientific Management. The man at the head of the business under Scientific Management is governed by rules and laws which have been developed through hundreds of experiments just as much as the workman is, and the standards developed are equitable. Management Leadership According to John P. Kotter in his book, A Force for Change: How Leadership Differs From Management (The Free Press, 1990), managers must know how to lead as well as manage. Without leading as well as managing, todays organizations face the threat of extinction. Management is the process of setting and achieving the goals of the organization through the functions of management: planning, organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling. A manager is hired by the organization and is given formal authority to direct the activity of others in fulfilling organization goals. Thus, leading is a major part of a managers job. Yet a manager must also plan, organize, and control. Generally speaking, leadership deals with the interpersonal aspects of a managers job, whereas planning, organizing, and controlling deal with the administrative aspects. Leadership deals with. Theory X (Authoritarian Management Style): The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he or she can. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organizational objectives. The average person prefers to be directed; to avoid responsibility; is relatively less ambitious, and wants security above all else. Theory X basically holds the belief that people do not like work and that some kind of direct pressure and control must be exerted to get them to work effectively. These people require a rigidly managed environment, usually requiring threats of disciplinary action as a primary source of motivation. It is also held that employees will only respond to monetary rewards as an incentive to perform above the level of that which is expected. From a management point of view, autocratic (Theory X) managers like to retain most of their authority. They make decisions on their own and inform the workers, assuming that they will carry out the instructions. Autocratic managers are often called authoritative for this reason; they act as authorities. This type of manager is highly tasked oriented, placing a great deal of concern towards getting the job done, with little concern for the workers attitudes towards the managers decision. This shows that autocratic managers lose ground in the work place, making way for leaders who share more authority and decision making with other members of the group. Theory Y (Participative Management Style): Effort in work is as natural as work and play. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organizational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population. In industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilized. A more popular view of the relationship found in the work place between managers and workers, is explained in the concepts of Theory Y. This theory assumes that people are creative and eager to work. Workers tend to desire more responsibility than Theory X workers, and have strong desires to participate in the decision making process. Theory Y workers are comfortable in a working environment which allows creativity and the opportunity to become personally involved in organizational planning. Some assumptions about Theory Y workers are emphasized in one of the texts, namely that this type of worker is far more prevalent in the work place than are Theory X workers. For instance, it is pointed out that ingenuity, creativity, and imagination are increasingly present throughout the ranks of the working population. These people not only accept responsibility, but actively seek increased authority. According to another of the authors studied for this project, in which the participative (Theory Y) leadership style is discussed, a participative leader shares decisions with the group. Also mentioned, are subtypes to this type of leader, namely the Democratic leader who allows the members of the working group to vote on decisions, and the Consensual leader who encourages group discussions and decisions which reflect the consensus of the group. A Laissez-Fair Style: A laissez-fair style is where the manager observes that members of group are working well on their own. The manager consciously makes a decision to pass the focus of power to members, to allow them freedom of action to do as they think best. And not to interfere; but is readily available if help is needed, There is often confusion over this style of leadership behavior. The world genuine is emphasized because this is to be contrasted with the manager who could not care, who deliberately keeps away from the trouble of sports and does not want to get involved. The manager just lets members of the group get on with the work in hand. Members are left to face decision which rightly belongs with the manager. This is more a non-style of leadership or it could perhaps be labeled as abdication. Management Styles at HSBC: The qualities required in individuals by HSBC reflect a lot about their approach towards the management style. These quality individuals are: Responsive: Who always try to anticipate and act quickly to ensure we meet and exceed our customers ever-changing expectations. Respectful: Individuals who look for the value in everyone. Fair: Who reward our customers for the commitment they give to us. Progressive: Who are driven by the belief that we can shape a better future. Perceptive: Who look harder, in order to understand things more deeply, and this informs everything we do. The management empowers employees and builds a trust with the employees to deliver the brand promise effectively. Every department has efficient staff available to help the customers but for more specific needs and decision making, the branch managers play the role. Leadership Leadership is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change. (Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg, NUTS! Southwest Airlines Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success, Bard Press, 1996, p. 298) Three important parts of this definition are the terms relationship, mutual, and collaborators. Relationship is the connection between people. Mutual means shared in common. Collaborators cooperate or work together. This definition of leadership says that the leader is influenced by the collaborators while they work together to achieve an important goal. Leadership is the ability to command acceptance by a group of people and thus, get them to do what the leader wants. The person providing this direction and commanding acceptance is called the leader. From this definition of leadership, it is obvious that the leader is the person whom others accept to show them the way. However, you probably are aware that a leader can be imposed on a group of people against their will. For example, a military coup can bring a leader to power. This leader was not voted for or accepted by his people. But he ascended the leadership seat by virtue of military might or military intrigues. Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things (Warren Bennis and Peter Drucker) Leadership Styles Types of Leadership Style: Four of the most basic leadership styles are: Autocratic Bureaucratic Laissez-faire Democratic Autocratic Leadership Autocratic leadership: is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where a leader exerts high levels of power over his or her employees or team members. People within the team are given few opportunities for making suggestions, even if these would be in the teams or organizations interest. Many people resent being treated like this. Because of this, autocratic leadership often leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover. Also, the teams output does not benefit from the creativity and experience of all team members, so many of the benefits of teamwork are lost. For some routine and unskilled jobs, however, this style can remain effective, where the advantages of control outweigh the disadvantages. Bureaucratic Leadership : Bureaucratic leaders work by the book, ensuring that their staff follow procedures exactly. This is a very appropriate style for work involving serious safety risks (such as working with machinery, with toxic substances or at heights) or where large sums of money are involved (such as cash-handling).In other situations, the inflexibility and high levels of control exerted can demoralize staff, and can diminish the organizations ability to react to changing external circumstances. Democratic Leadership or Participative Leadership : Although a democratic leader will make the final decision, he or she invites other members of the team to contribute to the decision-making process. This not only increases job satisfaction by involving employees or team members in whats going on, but it also helps to develop peoples skills. Employees and team members feel in control of their own destiny, and so are motivated to work hard by more than just a financial reward. As participation takes time, this style can lead to things happening more slowly than an autocratic approach, but often the end result is better. It can be most suitable where team working is essential, and where quality is more important than speed to market or productivity. Laissez-Faire Leadership This French phrase means leave it be and is used to describe a leader who leaves his or her colleagues to get on with their work. It can be effective if the leader monitors what is being achieved and communicates this back to his or her team regularly. Most often, laissez-faire leadership works for teams in which the individuals are very experienced and skilled self-starters. Unfortunately, it can also refer to situations where managers are not exerting sufficient control. Leadership vs. Management A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the choice of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without using his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership. Motivation Definition: Motivation is the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs is the most well-known theory of motivation. He hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs: (See Exhibit 6-1). Physiological: Includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs Safety: Includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm Social: Includes affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship Esteem: Includes internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement; and external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs If Maslows theory is true, there are some very important  leadership implications to  enhance workplace motivation. There are  staff motivation opportunities  by motivating each employee through their style of management, compensation plans, role definition, and company activities. Application of Maslows Theory If Maslows theory is true, there are some very important  leadership implications to  enhance workplace motivation. There are  staff motivation opportunities  by motivating each employee through their style of management, compensation plans, role definition, and company activities. Safety Needs: Provide a working environment which is safe, relative job security, and freedom from threats. Social Needs:  Generate a feeling of acceptance, belonging, and community by reinforcing team dynamics. Relationship between Theories of Motivation All companies seek to motivate their employees for a very simple reason; a motivated employee is a high producer. In todays workplace, many complex and sophisticated plans have been put in place towards this end; some companies offer a variety of incentives to meet the different needs and expectations of the different personalities employed there. Motivation is an individual thing; in other words, the same things do not motivate all people. Abraham Maslow outlines a pyramid-shaped theory that is the basis for most motivation theories that followed. They will then design and implement an action plan to increase the motivational factors in their own organization. Some of their action steps are discussed. The lowest level of Maslows pyramid of needs relates to every humans survival needs or by physiological needs, which include hunger, thirst and shelter are at this level (Robbins, 2001). TASK 4 Team Work A small number of people with complemen-tary skills who are committed to a common purpose, common performance goals, and an approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. -G. Moorhead and R.W. Griffin When people listen carefully to each other, when they seek and take seriously each others opinions, when they make use of each others competencies and expertise, they are involved in teamwork. Situations like, a football team, a marriage, a project at work, or a math team, may come and go. It requires no special structure, only an opportunity for two or more people to engage collaboratively and cooperatively in undertaking some task. Teamwork in the workplace is something to be expected in our organizations today. Senior leadership teams, functional and intact teams, special project teams, play an important role to the success of any business. However, finding, creating, and maintaining effective a high performance team is much more difficult. No group of people is automatically entitled to teamwork just because they are smart, talented, and are working together. Teamwork in the workplace is subject to countless challenges as different personalities, talents and expertise, values, and working styles are merged together. Group Working A collection of individuals, the members accept a common task, become interdependent in their performance, and interact with one another to promote its accomplishment Harold H. Kelley and J.W. Thibaut Various Types of Groups Friendship groups Interest Groups Formal groups Informal Groups Small groups Large groups Primary groups Secondary groups Coalitions Membership groups Reference groups Command groups Task groups Good group work has great potential for the following reasons: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Individuals are encouraged to become active rather than passive learners by developing collaborative and co-operative skills, and lifelong learning skills. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It encourages the development of critical thinking skills. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It requires the establishment of an environment of support, trust and co-operative learning can be nurtured. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It promotes learning and achievement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Students have the opportunity to learn from and to teach each other. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deep rather than surface approaches to learning are encouraged. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It facilitates greater transfer of previous knowledge and learning. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It enhances social skills and interactions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Learning outcomes are improved. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Large numbers of individuals can be catered for and work on the task simultaneously. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interaction and co-operation on a micro scale is facilitated thus decreasing a sense of isolation felt by some. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Quiet individuals have an opportunity to speak and be heard in small groups thus overcoming the anonymity and passivity associated with large groups. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Individuals get the chance to work on large projects (larger in scope or complexity than individual tasks). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It can save time and requires a shared workload. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Alternative ideas and points of view can be generated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Individuals develop and practice skills in: decision making, problem solving, values clarification, communication, critical thinking, negotiation, conflict resolution, and teamwork. Team Working at HSBC The whole is greater than the sum of the parts. This is a phrase that very much applies to HSBC. Although, as an organization HSBC a leader in the world of financial services. It is the power and reach of each of our local teams working together, which make HSBC such a successful and fast growing business. Recognizing the importance of local knowledge is a key message of HSBC advertising but it is not merely this. It is a value the HSBC live by. The employees work as a team to perform daily operations seamlessly.

Drama Essays Shakespeares Tempest

Drama Essays Shakespeares Tempest The conflict and contrast between the utopian ideals and Elizabethan politics presented in Shakespeares The Tempest The play opens with a description of a terrifying and relentless storm that wrecks the ship belonging to the King of Naples, Alonso. The wreck drifts onto the shore of Properos island but the force of the sea is insuperable, and the boatswain appeals to the noblemen, crying out that they are hindering the others. He calls to Gonzalo, If you can command these elements to silence, and work the peace of the present, we will not hand a rope more. Antonio and Sebastian are also rebuked by the boatswain, and reminded of the inefficacy of their social status is nothing in such a critical situation, invoking their wrath, while simultaneously hinting at the bias of the play. We suspect the boatswain will be proven right, and that Shakespeare gently asks us to heed the rude wisdom of the common pragmatists, even or especially- the context of ostensibly decadent theatricality. Hence from the start we are presented with an intriguing balance of high romantic drama, opinionated political commentary, and fragile idealism. The shipwreck symbolises considerably more than what it appears to at first. It is no mere vehicle for the themes of the play to hitch a lift on, it is representative of an entire societys collapse into irretrievable disarray. Indeed, it may be representative of the doom faced by all faulty societies. As such it is a moral vehicle, carrying an apparently disparate group of frightened and confused figures to their ide ntical destiny. As Soji Iwasaki writes, A voyage is often a symbol of the progress of a mans life, and the sea is symbolic of Fortune; a shipwreck is a typical instance of bad fortune, while a ship sailing before a fair wind is an image of good fortune. Sometimes a ship at sea serves as a symbol of the Church, in which the whole congregation sails over the sea of ProvidenceIn The Tempest it is Goddess Fortune (1.2.178) that drives Alonsos ship towards the island of Prospero, where a tempest is caused by Prosperos magic. Prospero judges the ship to be full of sinfull soules, a reference to the political crimes of the characters on board. The King of Naples was guilty of usurping the Milanese dukedom, Antonio betrayed Prospero- his own brother, while Sebastian, Stephano and Trinculo are all intrinsically evil. In fact the only figure to escape judgement is Gonzalo, a harmless courtier. These figures will not find their arbitration in the next life, by some god-figure, though, as Shakespeare takes pains to emphasise. Prospero is the only figure with deific power, literary or figurative, in the play: his magical powers, clearly, serve a metaphorical purpose, symbolising the power of rhetoric and the force that lies behind absolute righteousness. Since Prospero has been wronged, Shakespeare seems to (fatalistically) say, he will vindicate himself using the power that comes from knowledge and wisdom- just synonyms for what is called magic in the play. Prospero knows how to rebuke and is wise enough to fin d forgiveness in his heart. As the ship will eventually return to Naples, the plays theme arguably evolves into dealing with the ruin and rebirth of a commonwealth. Between the first, highly symbolic tempest scene, and the final heraldic manoeuvre, the plays action all occurs on the island. Prospero reveals to Miranda the truth he has kept from her for twelve years, since her infancy. He tells her of his brother, her uncle, Antonios usurpation of his dukedom of Milan and the hardship they were forced to endure as a result. While Antonio behaved callously by acting on his jealous desire to take over his brothers dukedom, Prospero was partially to blame too, since he had been preoccupied with his private, obsessive studies of cultivation of the mind, neglecting all the state business (1.2.89-97) to which he admits he should have been more committed. By handing the state affairs over to Antonio and investing so much trust in him, Prospero unwittingly sewed seeds of ambition in his brother, instigating his own down fall. As Iwasaki describes it, Prospero committed a double offence: he forgot the balance between action and meditation that, as sovereign ruler, he should remember, and he also made a mistake in trusting the wrong person, a mistake which a ruler should never make. Ficino reports on the same problem. No reasonable being doubts that there are three kinds of life: the contemplative, the active, and the pleasurable (contemplativa, activa, voluptuosa). And three roads to felicity have been chosen by men: wisdom, power, and pleasure (sapientia, potentia, voluptas). Renaissance humanists aspired to a harmony of the three. Prospero chides himself for his youthful pursuit of the contemplative, where his preoccupation with esoteric learning came at the price, eventually, of his political power. Prospero may be paying some kind of price, but it is very difficult to read the Tempest as a cautionary text. Shakespeares attitude to power and wisdom is not so clear cut, there appears to be more than one kind of power and more than one kind of wisdom, after all, and although this is not recognised explicitly by the characters in the play (who operate on the Ficino model), Shakespeare wryly alludes to the holes in the world-view of his people. Shakespeare knows that there is power beyond and after usurpation, a power beyond the political and more powerful than any government- and it is a sort of wisdom. He represents it in the only way he can- symbolically- as magic. Prosperos power is also inextricable from his idealism, too. He has transposed his ownersh ip, the projected environment that has come to signify his sense of self, onto the Island. Thus his ideal society as an image has been projected onto a wild and natural, complicated, uncontrollable and antisocial, setting. In fact, wild and frightening imagery very often accompanies a commentary on a social naivety, and naivety about the limits and nature of power. The first scene, with the tempest and the useless noblemen, springs to mind immediately for reasons I have already explored, and the scene where Caliban is introduced makes the same point soon after, as he speaks bitterly and fearfully of Prospero, Enter CALIBAN with a burden of wood. A noise of thunder heard CALIBAN All the infections that the sun sucks up From bogs, fens, flats, on Prosper fall and make him By inch-meal a disease! His spirits hear me And yet I needs must curse. But theyll nor pinch, Fright me with urchinshows, pitch me i the mire, Nor lead me, like a firebrand, in the dark Out of my way, unless he bid em; In many ways Caliban embodies Shakespeares preoccupation with exposing the popular but inaccurate conceptions of what constitutes power, The play also fails to question Calibans position as a savage and slave, and seems to validate and legitimise it by his behaviour and his attempted rape of the sweet Miranda. In many ways the play acts out the treatment of indigenous people by Europeans. The values system of Caliban is silenced and simply seen as barbaric. He is costructed as the Other, different from Europeans and therefore naturally inferior (But thy vile race-/Though thou didst learn had that int which good/natures/Could not abide to be with; therefore wast thou/Deservedly confined into this rock). If we see Caliban as representative of the indigenous peoples dispossessed by European colonisers the previous quotations certainly shows how it is his race and nature that makes him inferior, even though the benevolent Whites tried so valiantly to make him human. Caliban is supremely ironical, then, since he is the least civilised but the most symbolically loaded: the most powerful on the level of reading (or viewing) a play- the only character who represents more information than his actions will ever reveal. Prospero, by contrast, finds himself judged and committed entirely by his actions, although his power actually lies in his psychological strength: his knowledge and wisdom. In fact, Caliban and Prospero, as characters, represent two sides of this play about politics and idealism. While Prospero is a meditator who is treated for his activity, Caliban is an activator and catalyst of discourse who is treated only as intellectually weak. Both characters are more active in their capacity as viewed figures than as real people within the universe of the play, however, underlining one of the many ways in which that this play is idealistic: its potential for bypassing narrative viewing and settling at an ideological operative level. Prospero onl y works when we suspend our assumptions about realism and begin hearing in his voice the tones of Shakespeare himself, when we cease assuming that this character should be literal and real not affecting a performance. Prospero and Caliban, like, perhaps most of the characters in The Tempest, exceed mimesis and function as narrators of their own lives. Their words, then, express their own ideals, and between the lines of the words they say we can be sensitive to the playwrights attitudes to the naivety that informed the politics and idealism of his own society, The Tempest is Shakespeares dramatization of his political ideas concerning the state and the prince. Prosperos island is a model of a commonwealth: Prospero is the king, his magic a symbol of his absolute power, Ariel the agent of his government, and Caliban all the subjects (1.2.341) Shakespeare makes much of the criminally large amount of trust Prosperos invested in his brother. As Iwasaki notes, Prospero was not an ideal prince in his trusting his brother nor in his neglect of a life of action; his loss of the dukedom was a result of his disqualification as a prince. He did not put realpolitik into practice. Alonso is another failure as a sovereign ruler. Having sent in marriage his daughter Claribel to a far-off country, he has now lost his only son and heir Ferdinand to his great sorrow. The political uneasiness of a kingdom with no prospect of its future succession is analogous to the actual situation of the Virgin Queens commonwealth, in which succession problems caused political unrest and governmental debates Theory aside, there are keen racial implications, entangled in the rhetoric of ostensible politically sensitive play. The Tempest has generally been read as a play about forgiveness and reconciliation, change and transformation, illusion and magic and the Prosperos usurpation. Such interpretations generally privilege the attitudes of noble, educated Europeans- in particularly those of Prospero. Such readings are in danger of nulling Calibans rights and silencing his appeal for freedom. A postcolonial reading leads to another reading entirely: The Tempest can then be appreciated as allegorical, referencing the exploitation of indigenous races, with Caliban as a single figure standing for the natives of the New World who were dispossessed and exploited by the European powers. Caliban voices the indignance of the natives who were widely treated as inferior and even sub-human because of their skin colour and their differing cultural traits- which lead to their social marginalisation as u ncivilised. Due to their widely accepted, aggressive branding as inferior creatures, the natives were exploited to benefit the economy, through their capture and subsequent use as slaves. Arguably, the manner of representing race in The Tempest suffers from being heavily and naively Eurocentric. Calibans physicality evidences his difference, which is arrogantly equated with inferiority, something even found in his name which is almost an anagram of cannibal. Yet I have argued that Shakespeare is conscious of his characterisation as separate from himself, and that, although they may sometimes speak with his voice they certainly have distinct voices of their own. Shakespeare takes pains to establish a partially artificial, in many ways almost pantomimical, universe where characters who react to each other naively or selfishly, are in fact being puppeteered by the playwright who has filled the gaps between every line of the play with invisible communications aimed directly at his audience. Hence Shakespeare does not see his savage as a cannibal, he has named him so to signal the way in which the other characters/puppets in his play perceive Caliban. At first sight, the Europeans, Stephano and Antonio, see Caliban as an anomaly that they might be able to sell in Europe as a spectacular freak, saleable for his Otherness: an alien that their perception has constructed. Their attitude is shocking in its narrow capitalist scope: Trinculo says Were I in England now as once I was and had but this fish painted, not a holiday-fool there would give a piece of silver and Antonio and Sebastian also see him as a marketable product that can be bought and sold, Very like. One of them Is a plain fish, and no doubt marketable Race is therefore a marker for one human-ness and anything other than European is constructed as naturally inferior, without rights and available to be exploited for economic purposes. In one writers opinion, Caliban is constructed as innately inferior and savage because of his race. This is articulated by the supposedly sweet and tender Miranda: But thy vile race -/Though thou didst learn had that int which good natures/Could not abide to be with ..'(31) In these lines Calibans race is seen as the reason for his barbaric behaviour it is his very nature that makes him savage and dangerous. In this the text constructs other non-European races as savage, less human, incapable of so-called civilisation all because of their race: this is a damning indictment of non-Europeans as it positions them as naturally inferior and unable to change their ways so that they will never be able to develop the fine sensitivity and refinement of Western civilisation. All the characters in the play speak and think politically and everyone is aware of the significance of the state as both a real, specific, place, and a general idea. Where some characters are idealists, others are have a grave ambitions to achieving power. Speaking for the idealists, Gonzalo details his dream in such detail it evokes a certain melancholy- only those so far from paradise can imagine its details with absolute precision, I th commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things, for no kind of traffic Would I admit; no name of magistrate; Letters should not be known; riches, poverty, And use of service, none; contract, succession, Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil; No occupation, all men idle, all, And women too, but innocent and pure; No sovereignty All things in common nature should produce Without sweat or endeavour. Treason, felony, Sword, pike, knife, gun, or need of any engine Would I not have, but nature should bring forth Of it own kind all foison, all abundance To feed my innocent people. (2.1.145-62) In the words of Alvin Kernan, For the old courtier Gonzalo, as for those who would later settle the many utopian communities of America, the new world offers the opportunity to recover the lost Eden where, freed of the weight of European society, human nature will be purified and the sins of the old world left behind. Gonzalos island country may excel[s] the golden age (166) in the sense that there is no property, unfair wealth, employment nor exploitation but Gonzalo describes a commonwealth controlled by contraries, that is- a nonsensical place of inverted logic. In fact, Gonzalos ideal principality is markedly similar to that other island government, Thomas Mores Utopia- an ideal place free from property, currency, or enclosure where gold and silver are hated. Stephen Greenblatt points out that Mores utopia is dense with contradiction: in Hythlodaeuss account freedoms are heralded, only to shrink in the course of the descriptionFor example, travelling is free and a citizen may go anywhere he likes in the country, but only with the Mayors permission, and a record of the date of return, and wherever the traveller goes he must work. Should he be caught breaking any of these rules, the traveller faces punishment as an illegal runaway and would be instantly sent home. Furthermore, if he continues to flount the rules, he risks being sent into slavery. The freedom and, subsequently, the Utopia, suddenly seems rather less ideal with these ominous qualifications. Gonzalos commonwealth contains similar contradictions, particularly, Had I plantation of this isle . . . And were the king ont . . . , I would by contraries / Execute all things . . . / No sovereignty. Gonzalo is thinking on his feet, dreaming, and like a dream his thoughts need follow no consistent logic. A kingdom with no sovereignty is obviously a contradiction, as Sebastian and Antonio are quick to point out. Gonzalos commonwealth is an abstraction, an impossible, in many ways a perfect example of the Utopia, the impossible, seductive, unrealisable dream- like the communist one of our times, a real place that nevertheless exists nowhere. Set in stark contrast to Gonzalos gentle innocence optimism stands the brash cynicism of Antonio and Sebastian. As Iwasaki writes, These are such people as are wickedly ambitious for higher status. One is a usurper, and the other once attempted usurpation. Their idea of a kingdom is not such a Utopia as Gonzalo imagines, where the people are all contented with their freedom and natural abundance, nor is it a holy kingdom ruled by an anointed king, the earthly heaven; the kingdom they conceive is a country owned by themselves, tyrants whose interest is solely in their own material felicity and wilful domination over the people. Stephano, a drunken servingman, also desires to be master of the island, and attempts to kill Prospero. It is because of the bottled spirit he owns that Caliban asks him to be his king. Stephanos wine is a physical correlative to his spiritual power; it is what Ariel is to Prospero. If Stephanos kingdom were to come into being, he and Trinculo, together with Caliban, might have a utopia of fools very much like Bruegels The Land of Cockaigne, where people can eat and drink as much as they l ike, yet they never have to work. The theoretical quality of Prosperos magic for which I have been arguing is backed up by his realism, the authorial voice, perhaps, finding a mouthpiece in this character. It is not Prosperos intention to transform his Island into a utopia. He lacks the naÃÆ'Â ¯ve optimism of Gonzalo, with his imagined new world and ideal plantation, where people are impossibly, illogically liberated from the social conventions of the Old World. Indeed Prospero is actively opposed to the illogical and knows intuitively that the wisest decisions can only be made through accommodation of all the facts of life, however unpalatable. Prospero values education to the point of snobbery, and when Ferdinand lands on the island, Prospero intends to marry Miranda to him, someone who, as the Prince of Naples, ought to have a proper education for a future king. Stunned with grief for his fathers death, Ferdinand is drawn by Ariels magical song to Prospero and his daughter. When the two youngsters meet they fall in love instantly, both mesmerised by the wonder of the others beauty, as she calls him spirit and he refers to her as goddess. Despite their passion, however, Prospero intervenes; he is adamant that Ferdinand should recieve a princely education, since he will eventually rule over both Naples and Milan. Prospero is emphatic that the new prince should have an awareness and appreciation of real politics that Prospero himself never had, and suffered for his ignorance of, thirteen years ago. So Prospero imparts trials upon Ferdinand, calling him a usurper for assuming his fathers kingdom while he is still alive, and accusing him of being a spy who intends to steal the island from Prospero: Thou dost here usurp The name thou owst not, and has put thyself Upon this island as a spy, to win it From me, the lord ont. (1.2.454-57) When Ferdinand draws his sword against Prospero, the old man entraps the youth by means of his magic, again, an obvious analogy for the power of superior wisdom. Ferdinand is humiliated, made to surrender and forced to carry logs. He is unaware of the effort, however, cherishing Mirandas love so much that he endures the slavish work with astonishing patience. Iwasaki compares Ferdinands education to the learning principle implied in Raphaels picture of The Dream of Scipio, In the left background of the picture is depicted a knight on horseback climbing the difficult passage to the tower of virtues on the top of a craggy mountain, the journey, of course, representing the trial a knight must undertake to achieve the knightly virtues, represented here by the book and the sword held by the lady in the foreground. Ferdinand, capable of a life of pleasure as a lover, is now encouraged, like Scipio, to go through a trial for his self-fashioning. Raphaels picture of Scipio was given by Thomaso Borgese of Siena to his son Sipione as a moral lesson, and like Thomaso, Prospero is a man whose educational ideal is Renaissance-humanistic. Through his slavery, as he subsists on plain food and water, Ferdinand tells Prospero that all his hardships are but light to me, Might I but through my prison once a day Behold this maid. All corners else o th earth Let liberty make use ofspace enough Have I in such a prison. (1.2.490-94) When Miranda sees Ferdinand labouring she yearns to take his place. Since the lovers devotion is characterised by their wish to serve each others physical labours, this slave labour itself comes to define the nature of their love. That is, they share a need to express their love through bearing the burden of the other, sparing the others body any pain. Their labour, then, in a kind of paradox, comes to signify the bliss of their mutual adoration- Shakespeare pits ethereal magic against physical work repeatedly in this play, and the message here seems to be that true love is best expressed through the essential of shared labour. The name Miranda, of course, has the meaning wonder and miraveglia (the principle of heroic wonder), comprising part of what Iwasaki calls the neoplatonic rhetoric of love: Admired Miranda! Indeed the top of admiration! Worth Whats dearest to the world! (3.1.37-39) Ferdinands love of Miranda seems appears to represent the affections female adoration according to the prescribed ritual of noble courting, but his feminine obsessiveness is levelled out and enhanced by the masculine force of his sweethearts devotion. Their love is emphatically built upon a systematic balance, a mechanism of reflection and reaction, eros and anteros, modern, complimentary, and more neoplatonic than conventionally courtly. 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